What is bitcoin core

Bitcoin core

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Bitcoin Core (Биткоин Кор) — это официальный Bitcoin-кошелек, эталонная реализация программного обеспечения сети Bitcoin. Основан на программе создателя Bitcoin Сатоши Накамото, запущенной в 2009 году. По этой причине Bitcoin Core часто называют «клиентом Сатоши». Сейчас поддержкой и развитием софта занимается компания Bitcoin Foundation, а ведущим разработчиком является Владимир Ван дер Лаан. Последняя версия 0.16.0 запущена в феврале 2018 года.

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Технические характеристики [ править ]

Bitcoin Core состоит из программного обеспечения «полной ноды» и криптовалютного кошелька. На конец февраля 2018 года из 10157 нод, работающих в сети Bitcoin, на Bitcoin Core приходится 9402 ноды. Владельцу каждой ‘ноды необходимо хранить на своем компьютере полную версию блокчейна Bitcoin (bitcoin core холодный кошелек), которая в настоящий момент составляет 165,9 GB.

Bitcoin Core транзакции [ править ]

В программном обеспечении Накамото впервые был реализован сценарий децентрализованной проверки транзакций: каждая нода может проверять достоверность транзакции независимо от других пользователей блокчейна. Программное обеспечение поддерживает криптографическую библиотеку libsecp256k1.

Кошелек Биткоин кор отличается высокой степенью безопасности и простотой настройки, однако предъявляет высокие требования к характеристикам компьютера, а его синхронизация занимает много времени.

Программа работает на Windows, MacOS и Linux. Поддерживается русскоязычная версия.

Bitcoin Core Майнинг [ править ]

Из-за технических ограничений разработчики Bitcoin Core посчитали, что майнинг на этом софте будет неэффективным, и удалили эту функцию в версии 0.13.0 в августе 2016 года.

Bitcoin Core SegWit [ править ]

Биткоин коре использует новую технологию Segregated Witness («SegWit»), которая позволяет сократить время транзакций и, как следствие, их стоимость. Эта технология была запущена в августа 2017 года. Впервые базовая поддержка SegWit в кошельке Bitcoin Core появилась в версии 0.13. Тогда она работала в тестовом режиме и имела много недоработок. В новой версии кошелька и пользовательского интерфейса Bitcoin Core, выпущенной в феврале 2018 года, предусмотрена полная поддержка технологии SegWit по умолчанию. Это касается и нового формата адресов кошельков Bech32, который также продвигают разработчики SegWit.

Разработчики Bitcoin Core рассчитывают, что поддержка в новой версии кошелька нативного SegWit получит большое распространение и станет стимулом для других кошельков перейти на эту же технологию.

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Bitcoin Core

Bitcoin Core (formerly Bitcoin-Qt) is the third Bitcoin client, developed by Wladimir van der Laan based on the original reference code by Satoshi Nakamoto. [1] [2] It has been bundled with bitcoind since version 0.5. Bitcoin-Qt has been rebranded to Bitcoin Core since version 0.9.0 [3] .

Bitcoin Core can be used as a desktop client for regular payments or as a server utility for merchants and other payment services.

Contents

Current version

Source code (and build instructions for supported platforms) can be found on the Bitcoin GitHub page.

Features

• Most popular software implementation of a bitcoin full node. Provides trustless validation that all of bitcoin’s consensus rules are being followed.
• Has an RPC interface allowing developers to interface with Core and access the bitcoin currency trustlessly.
• Has a GUI frontend, Bitcoin-Qt, allowing ordinary users to use bitcoin with full validation.
• Compatibility with Linux (both GNOME and KDE), Mac OS X and Windows
• All functionality of the original wxWidgets client
• Asks for confirmation before sending coins
• CSV export of transactions
• Clearer transaction list with status icons and real-time filtering
• Progress bar on initial block download
• Languages: Dutch, English, German, Chinese and many more. Translations are being done by volunteers on Transifex.
• Sendmany support in UI (send to multiple recipients in one transaction)
• Multiple unit support, can show subdivided bitcoins (mBTC, µBTC) for users that like large numbers (only decimal units)
• Splash screen that details progress
• Debug window
• Payment requests (BIP 70)
• Coin control
• Bitcoin Core uses OpenTimestamps.org to timestamp merge commits. [4]
• Checkpoints which have been hard coded into the client are used only to prevent Denial of Service attacks against nodes which are initially syncing the chain. For this reason the checkpoints included are only as of several years ago. [5][6]
• A network alert system was included by Satoshi Nakamoto as a way of informing users of important news regarding bitcoin. [7] In November 2016 it was retired. It had become obsolete as news on bitcoin is now widely disseminated.

Naming Controversy

Some people like Peter Todd, Luke-jr and Greg Maxwell warned against the renaming to Bitcoin Core because it implied a centralization. [8] [9] [10] .

Bitcoin Core right now may be the most popular or «reference» full node implementation, but that status depends on the economic majority continuing to use it [11] . Should one day come where another implementation overtakes it economically, that implementation would become the reference implementation. In one situation in 2017 significant parts of the economy moved to the BIP148 UASF implementation [12] and then moved back to Core after BIP148 was successful. The point here is that Bitcoin Core does not control bitcoin and the naming «Core» is misleading in that respect.

On the other hand, many people are happy with the name Bitcoin Core and continue to use it. As long as it’s emphasized that Bitcoin Core is just one possible software implementation of bitcoin that people are free to use or not use.

Development

The original creator of the bitcoin client has described their approach to the software’s authorship as it being written first to prove to themselves that the concept of purely peer-to-peer electronic cash was valid and that a paper with solutions could be written. The lead developer is Wladimir J. van der Laan, who took over the role on 8 April 2014. [13] Gavin Andresen was the former lead maintainer for the software client. Andresen left the role of lead developer for bitcoin to work on the strategic development of its technology. [13] Bitcoin Core developers have been in charge of bitcoin’s development since Satoshi Nakamoto left the project. [14] Bitcoin Core in 2015 was central to a dispute with Bitcoin XT, a competing client that sought to increase the blocksize. [15] Over a dozen different companies and industry groups fund the development of Bitcoin Core. [16]

Version history

Bitcoin 0.1 was released on 9 January 2009 by Satoshi Nakamoto with only Windows supported. This was followed by some minor bug fixing versions. On 16 December 2009 Bitcoin 0.2 was released. It included a Linux version for the first time and made use of multi-core processors for mining. In version 0.3.2 Nakamoto included checkpoints as a safeguard. After the release of version 0.3.9, Satoshi Nakamoto left the project and shortly after stopped communicating on online forums.

Between 2011 and 2013 new versions of the software were released at Bitcoin.org. [17] Developers wanted to differentiate themselves as creators of software rather than advocates for bitcoin and so now maintain bitcoincore.org for just the software.

Bitcoin-Qt version 0.5.0 was released on 1 November 2011. It introduced a front end that uses the Qt user interface toolkit. [18] The software previously used Berkeley DB for database management. Developers switched to LevelDB in release 0.8 in order to reduce blockchain synchronization time (initial block download, beware, a misnomer). The update to this release resulted in a minor blockchain fork on the 11 March 2013. The fork was resolved shortly afterwards. Seeding nodes through Internet Relay Chat was discontinued in version 0.8.2. From version 0.9.0 the software was renamed to Bitcoin Core. Transaction fees were reduced again by a factor of ten as a means to encourage microtransactions. Although Bitcoin Core does not use OpenSSL for the operation of the network, the software did use OpenSSL for remote procedure calls. Version 0.9.1 was released to remove the network’s vulnerability to the Heartbleed bug.

Release 0.10 was made public on 16 February 2015. It introduced a consensus library which gave programmers easy access to the rules governing consensus on the network. In version 0.11.2 developers added a new feature which allowed transactions to be made unspendable until a specific time in the future. [19] Bitcoin Core 0.12.1 was released on April 15, 2016 and enabled multiple soft forks to occur concurrently. [20] Around 100 contributors worked on Bitcoin Core 0.13.0 which was released on 23 August 2016.

In July 2016, the CheckSequenceVerify soft fork activated. [21]

In October 2016, Bitcoin Core’s 0.13.1 release featured the «Segwit» soft fork that included a scaling improvement aiming to optimize the bitcoin blocksize. The patch which was originally finalised in April, and 35 developers were engaged to deploy it. This release featured Segregated Witness (SegWit) which aimed to place downward pressure on transaction fees as well as increase the maximum transaction capacity of the network. [22] The 0.13.1 release endured extensive testing and research leading to some delays in its release date. SegWit prevents various forms of transaction malleability. [23]

In September 2018, a Bitcoin Cash developer discovered the vulnerability CVE 2018-17144 in the Bitcoin Core software that could allow an attacker to crash vulnerable Bitcoin Core nodes and exceed the 21 million coin limit. [24]

Bitcoin Improvement Proposals

A Bitcoin Improvement Proposal (BIP) is a design document, typically describing a new feature for Bitcoin with a concise technical specification of the feature and the rationale for it. Bitcoin Core implements some of these design documents.

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Bitcoin Core Requirements and Warnings

Bitcoin Core gives you increased security and privacy at a cost. You need to take responsibility for the security of your bitcoins, meet higher minimum system requirements, and beware of some possible problems.

No matter what Bitcoin software you use, you should never buy more bitcoins than you can afford to lose. Bitcoin is still an experimental system and bitcoins remain a risky investment.

Wallet Responsibility Checklist

Bitcoin Core puts you in charge of your wallet, which means your bitcoins are at risk unless you complete certain tasks:

Backup your keys

Make sure your wallet is secure

Setup an offline wallet (cold storage) for significant amounts of bitcoins

Allow your heirs to receive your bitcoins if you die or become incapacitated

If you need help with any step, please ask for assistance in any of Bitcoin’s friendly forums or live chatrooms.

System Requirements

Bare Minimum (With Default Settings)

Disk space
350 GB

Download
250 MB/day (8 GB/month)*

Upload
5 GB/day (150 GB/month)

Memory (RAM)
512 MB

System
Desktop
Laptop
Some ARM chipsets >1 GHz

Operating system
Windows 7/8.x/10
Mac OS X
Linux
Some BSDs

* Plus a one-time 340 GB download the first time you start Bitcoin Core.

Bare Minimum (With Custom Settings)

Disk space
7 GB

Download
150 MB/day (5 GB/month)*

Upload
10 MB/day (300 MB/month)

Memory (RAM)
256 MB

Operating system
Windows 7/8.x/10
Mac OS X
Linux
Some BSDs

* Plus a one-time 340 GB download the first time you start Bitcoin Core.

Minimum Recommended

Disk space
350 GB

Download
500 MB/day (15 GB/month)*

Upload
5 GB/day (150 GB/month)

Memory (RAM)
1 GB

System
Desktop
Laptop
Some ARM chipsets >1 GHz

Operating system
Windows 7/8.x/10
Mac OS X
Linux

* Plus a one-time 340 GB download the first time you start Bitcoin Core.

Possible Problems

Bandwidth limits: Some Internet plans will charge an additional amount for any excess upload bandwidth used that isn’t included in the plan. Worse, some providers may terminate your connection without warning because of overuse. We advise that you check whether your Internet connection is subjected to such limitations and monitor your bandwidth use so that you can stop Bitcoin Core before you reach your upload limit.

Anti-virus: Several people have placed parts of known computer viruses in the Bitcoin block chain. This block chain data can’t infect your computer, but some anti-virus programs quarantine the data anyway, making it more difficult to run Bitcoin Core. This problem mostly affects computers running Windows.

Attack target: Bitcoin Core powers the Bitcoin peer-to-peer network, so people who want to disrupt the network may attack Bitcoin Core users in ways that will affect other things you do with your computer, such as an attack that limits your available download bandwidth.

By default, you need to backup Bitcoin Core after every 100 transactions. This includes both transactions you send as well as payments you request (whether or not you actually received the payment).

For example, you need to backup after sending 33 payments and requesting 67 payments (even though you only received 60 payments).

Bitcoin Core can be configured to allow you to go more transactions between backups. See the -keypool setting.

Anyone who gets access to your wallet can steal your bitcoins. The first line of defense against this is encrypting your wallet, an option from the File menu in the graphical interface.

However, encrypting may not be enough if your computer becomes infected by malware. Learn about offline wallets for security against this type of attack.

In addition to securing your wallet, you also need to keep your backups secure. Anyone who gets access to them can also steal your bitcoins.

Computers that connect to the Internet are frequently hacked or infected with bitcoin-stealing malware. Computers that never connect to the Internet are a much more secure location for your bitcoins.

Bitcoin Core can be run on an always-offline computer, creating an offline wallet (also called a cold wallet). The offline wallet will securely store the private keys, while a separate online Bitcoin Core wallet will send and receive transactions.

Your Bitcoin wallet isn’t like a bank account—it won’t automatically go to your heirs if you die or become disabled.

You have to plan ahead and make sure there is a way for your heirs to access your wallet backups when you’re no longer available.

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