Runaway truck ramp
A runaway truck ramp, runaway truck lane, emergency escape ramp or truck arrester bed is a traffic device that enables vehicles that are having braking problems to safely stop. It is typically a long, sand or gravel -filled lane adjacent to a road with a steep grade, and is designed to accommodate large trucks . The deep gravel allows the truck’s momentum to be dissipated in a controlled and relatively harmless way, allowing the operator to stop it safely.
Design
Emergency escape ramps are typically located in mountainous areas which attract high construction costs and present difficult site selection. cite journal
author = DOT Arizona | year = 1993 | month = May-June | title = Full-Scale Arrester Bed Testing Leads to More Cost-Effective Design | journal = TR News | issue = 166 | pages = 20–21 | url = http://www.trb.org/publications/trnews/rpo/rpo.trn166.pdf | format = pdf | accessdate = 2006-07-23] Designs include:
Type overview
*Arrester bed (see below): a gravel-filled ramp adjacent to the road that uses rolling resistance to stop the vehicle.
*Gravity escape ramp: a long upwardly-inclined path parallel to the road. A large length is required, control can be difficult for the driver, including rollback after the vehicle stops.
*Sand pile escape ramp: a short length of loosely piled sand. Problems include large deceleration and the sand being affected by weather conditions (moisture and freezing).
*Alternatives: such as a vehicle arresting barrier. cite book | month = May | year = 2006 | title = Design Manual — Auxiliary Lanes | publisher = Washington State Department of Transportation | pages = Chapter 1010, pp. 4-5 | url = http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/EESC/Design/ DesignManual/desEnglish/1010-E.pdf | format = pdf]
Arrester bed
An arrester bed usually uses gravel /aggregate that imparts a rolling resistance on the vehicle that enters the bed. The required length of the bed depends on the mass and speed of the vehicle, the grade of the arrester bed, and the rolling resistance provided by the gravel.
Location
Emergency escape ramps are usually located on steep, sustained grades, as in mountainous areas. Long descending grades allow high vehicle speeds to be reached, and truck brakes can overheat and fail through extensive use. The ramps are often built before a critical change in the curvature of the road, or before a place that may require the vehicle to stop, such as before an intersection in a populated area.
References
External links
* [http://www.webs1.uidaho.edu/niatt_labmanual/Chapters/ geometricdesign/professionalpractice/DescendingGrades.htm Design considerations]
* [http://www.usroads.com/journals/rej/9708/re970801.htm Truck escape ramps from www.usroads.com]
* [http://magpie.lboro.ac.uk/dspace/ bitstream/2134/2205/1/VS1539+AR2517.pdf European road design (search for «arrester bed»)]
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Источник
Пандус для беглых грузовиков — Runaway truck ramp
Беглый грузовик пандус , беглый грузовик переулок , побег переулок , аварийный выход рампы или грузовик разрядник кровать представляет собой устройство , которое позволяет трафик транспортные средства, которые оказывают тормозное проблемы для безопасного останова. Это , как правило , длинный, песок — или гравий с наполнением полоса соединен с крутым спуске класса секции главной дороги, и предназначено для размещения больших грузовых автомобилей или автобусов . Пандус позволяет постепенно рассеивать кинетическую энергию движущегося транспортного средства контролируемым и относительно безвредным способом, помогая оператору безопасно остановить его без резкого столкновения.
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Дизайн
Пандусы для аварийного покидания обычно располагаются в горных районах, что требует больших затрат на строительство и затрудняет выбор площадки. Пандус может стоить 1 миллион долларов США. Конструкции включают:
- Основание ограничителя : насыпанный гравием пандус, примыкающий к дороге, который использует сопротивление качению для остановки транспортного средства. Требуемая длина основания зависит от массы и скорости транспортного средства, класса ограничителя и сопротивления качению, обеспечиваемого гравием.
- Пандус для самотечной эвакуации : длинная дорожка с уклоном вверх, параллельная дороге. Требуется значительная длина. Водителю может быть трудно управлять; проблемы включают откат после остановки автомобиля.
- Пандус для эвакуации кучи песка : небольшой отрезок рыхлого песка. Проблемы включают внезапное резкое замедление; песок, подверженный влиянию погодных условий (влажность и промерзание); и транспортные средства перепрыгивают и / или переворачиваются после контакта с кучей песка.
- Пандус для эвакуации с механическим ограничителем : запатентованная система сеток из нержавеющей стали, поперечно перекрывающих мощеный пандус, для зацепления и замедления убегающего транспортного средства. Пандусы этого типа обычно короче, чем гравитационные, и могут работать даже на спусках. Эти системы, как правило, являются дорогостоящими, но могут сэкономить дорогостоящую недвижимость в многолюдных районах и предотвратить еще более дорогостоящие аварии. Одна из таких рамп в Эйвоне, штат Коннектикут, США, имеет поверхность тротуара с электрическим подогревом для предотвращения скопления снега и льда.
- Альтернативы : например, защитный барьер для транспортных средств.
Место расположения
Аварийный выход пандусы, как правило , расположены на крутом, устойчивые сорта , как и в горных районах. Длинные уклоны позволяют достичь высоких скоростей транспортного средства, а тормоза грузовика могут перегреваться и выходить из строя из-за длительного использования. Пандусы часто строятся перед критическим изменением радиуса кривизны дороги или перед местом, где может потребоваться остановка транспортного средства, например, перед перекрестком в густонаселенной местности. Критерии размещения могут варьироваться от одного региона / страны к другому.
Источник
Runaway-Truck Ramps Explained
There you are, driving your rig down a mountain pass—loaded to the legal max of 80,000 pounds—grooving to Little Feat’s “Willin’.” Suddenly, you notice your speed getting away from you, but you can’t downshift your nonsynchro tranny. You hit the brakes, but they’re fading. They, like 95 percent of all heavy-truck brakes, are drums. You’re in trouble.
What saves the bacon you’re hauling is an exit to the right: a gravel-covered off-ramp that leads up a rise or hill, eliminating the need for brakes. Six (eternal) seconds later, you are almost stopped. and glad you wore your brown pants.
Here’s what you need to know about runaway ramps, even if you don’t drive a big rig:
• Also called “truck escape ramps”—or in Britain, “escape bays”—they rely on the additional friction created by gravel or sand and, usually, the gravitational slow-down effect of an incline to stop runaway vehicles. Aircraft-carrier-type arresting cables with netting have been used in lieu of ramps, but they require more maintenance.
• While no one seems to know when or where the ramps first appeared, the consensus is some time in the mid-’60s, appropriately, in mountainous regions.
• By 1990, there were reportedly 170 runaway ramps in 27 (mostly western) states. Current data is scarce, but a 1981 NHTSA study notes there had been 2450 runaway-truck incidents that year, with 2150 of those involving the use of ramps.
• If properly built, runaway ramps can get the stopping job done. If not, well . . . search YouTube for “runaway truck ramp,” and watch the “freak truck accident” video.
• Ramps vary in design, materials, construction, and effectiveness. For example, if the rig in this story’s intro had been going 60 mph, the ramp would have provided nearly 3000 retarding horsepower.
• States determine where ramps are constructed, based on such parameters as: runaway-truck accident rate at a candidate grade; length and percent of slope; traffic volume and percent of heavy-truck traffic; and conditions at the grade’s end, e.g., a sharp bend, a building, etc.
• “Runaway Trucks in Pennsylvania” (Carrier and Pachuta, SAE Technical Paper No. 811262) details the summer 1980 construction of a Pittsburgh-area ramp, which cost $600,000 (about $1.2 million in today’s dollars). Nearly 40 percent of that money went toward a retaining wall, which, depending on topography, is not always necessary.
• Upon driving a loaded dump truck onto the Pennsylvania ramp at 35 mph, the authors of the SAE study describe the stopping inertia as “strong but absent the jarring impact of other crashes.” Vehicle damage was confined to lower engine accessories and air tanks.
Источник
runaway truck ramp
1 runaway truck ramp
См. также в других словарях:
Runaway truck ramp — A runaway truck ramp, runaway truck lane, emergency escape ramp or truck arrester bed is a traffic device that enables vehicles that are having braking problems to safely stop. It is typically a long, sand or gravel filled lane adjacent to a road … Wikipedia
Avon, Connecticut — Town Seal … Wikipedia
North Luzon Expressway — formerly North Diversion Road Marcelo H. del Pilar Superhighway Radial Road 8 Route information Maintained by Tollways Management Corporation … Wikipedia
Maryland Route 135 — highlighted in red … Wikipedia
North–South Expressway Northern Route — See also: North South Expressway, Malaysia and North South Expressway Southern Route E1 Expressway North–South Expressway Northern Route Route information … Wikipedia
Malaysian Expressway System — Malaysian expressway logo The Malaysian Expressway System (Malay: Sistem Lebuhraya Malaysia), which begins with the North South Expressway (NSE), is currently in the process of being substantially developed. It was built by private companies… … Wikipedia
Indiana State Road 56 — Infobox road state=IN type=IN route=56 alternate name= length mi=193.9 length round=1 length ref= [http://illi indi.com/EndsPage.php?id=1056 section=1 Indiana Highway Ends SR 56] ] established= direction a=West starting terminus= junction=… … Wikipedia
Interstate 70 in Utah — Infobox road state=UT type=I route=70 section=112 maint=UDOT map notes=Highways in Utah with I 70 highlighted in red length mi=232.15 length round=2 length ref=cite web|url=http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/routefinder/table1.cfm|title=FHWA Route… … Wikipedia
Interstate 24 in Tennessee — Infobox road state=TN type=I route=24 maint=Tennessee DOT length mi=180.16 length round=2 length ref=Fact|date=July 2008 established=1962 1978 direction a=West terminus a=jct|state=KY|I|24 at Kentucky state line junction=jct|state=TN|I|65 in… … Wikipedia
Arrestor bed — An Arrestor Bed or Arrester Bed is an area of special material designed to stop a runaway vehicle. Arrestor beds include:*EMAS crushable concrete used to stop aircraft which overrun a runway. *Gravel Runaway truck ramps on highways. *Railway… … Wikipedia
North Bay, Ontario — North Bay City Main Street Motto: Gateway of the North … Wikipedia
Источник
runaway truck ramp
1 пандус для аварийной остановки
2 уловитель
3 all-electric ramp haulage mining truck
4 Ramp Networks, Inc.
5 ramp block
6 прозрачная крышка с уникальной системой фиксации Cam and Ramp™
7 узкопроходный штабелёр (VNA truck)
8 electric mining truck
9 electric truck
10 A name given to Florida by truck drivers because of the beaches.
11 A truck-mounted, short-range, low altitude SAM
12 Ayres Truck Line
13 Badger Truck Center
14 Big Fucking Truck
15 Bigger Faster Truck
16 Cab-Over Cargo Truck
17 Caution Real Slow Truck
18 Commercial Truck Load
19 Common Maintenance Truck
20 FSU Truck-Mounted Multiple Rocket Launcher
См. также в других словарях:
Runaway truck ramp — A runaway truck ramp, runaway truck lane, emergency escape ramp or truck arrester bed is a traffic device that enables vehicles that are having braking problems to safely stop. It is typically a long, sand or gravel filled lane adjacent to a road … Wikipedia
Avon, Connecticut — Town Seal … Wikipedia
North Luzon Expressway — formerly North Diversion Road Marcelo H. del Pilar Superhighway Radial Road 8 Route information Maintained by Tollways Management Corporation … Wikipedia
Maryland Route 135 — highlighted in red … Wikipedia
North–South Expressway Northern Route — See also: North South Expressway, Malaysia and North South Expressway Southern Route E1 Expressway North–South Expressway Northern Route Route information … Wikipedia
Malaysian Expressway System — Malaysian expressway logo The Malaysian Expressway System (Malay: Sistem Lebuhraya Malaysia), which begins with the North South Expressway (NSE), is currently in the process of being substantially developed. It was built by private companies… … Wikipedia
Indiana State Road 56 — Infobox road state=IN type=IN route=56 alternate name= length mi=193.9 length round=1 length ref= [http://illi indi.com/EndsPage.php?id=1056 section=1 Indiana Highway Ends SR 56] ] established= direction a=West starting terminus= junction=… … Wikipedia
Interstate 70 in Utah — Infobox road state=UT type=I route=70 section=112 maint=UDOT map notes=Highways in Utah with I 70 highlighted in red length mi=232.15 length round=2 length ref=cite web|url=http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/routefinder/table1.cfm|title=FHWA Route… … Wikipedia
Interstate 24 in Tennessee — Infobox road state=TN type=I route=24 maint=Tennessee DOT length mi=180.16 length round=2 length ref=Fact|date=July 2008 established=1962 1978 direction a=West terminus a=jct|state=KY|I|24 at Kentucky state line junction=jct|state=TN|I|65 in… … Wikipedia
Arrestor bed — An Arrestor Bed or Arrester Bed is an area of special material designed to stop a runaway vehicle. Arrestor beds include:*EMAS crushable concrete used to stop aircraft which overrun a runway. *Gravel Runaway truck ramps on highways. *Railway… … Wikipedia
North Bay, Ontario — North Bay City Main Street Motto: Gateway of the North … Wikipedia
Источник