Send bitcoins to bitcoin addresses

Bitcoin address

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Bitcoin address is an identifier (account number), starting with 1 or 3 and containing 27-34 alphanumeric Latin characters (except 0, O, I). Bitcoin addresses can be also represented as a QR-code. The addresses are anonymous and do not contain information about the owner. A bitcoin address can be obtained for free, using, for example, Bitcoin software. Bitcoin address example:

Addresses can be generated at no cost by any user of Bitcoin. For example, using Bitcoin Core, one can click «New Address» and be assigned an address. It is also possible to get a Bitcoin address using an account at an exchange or online wallet service.

There are currently two bitcoin address format in common use:

Common Pay-to-Pubkey Hash (P2PKH) which begin with the number 1. Newer Pay-to-Script Hash (P2SH) type starting with the number 3, eg: 35bSzXvRKLpHsHMrzb82f617cV4Srnt7hS .

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What’s in a Bitcoin address [ edit ]

Most Bitcoin addresses are 34 characters. They consist of random digits and uppercase and lowercase letters, with the exception that the uppercase letter «O», uppercase letter «I», lowercase letter «l», and the number «0» are never used to prevent visual ambiguity.

Some Bitcoin addresses can be shorter than 34 characters (as few as 26) and still be valid. A significant percentage of Bitcoin addresses are only 33 characters, and some bitcoin address length may be even shorter.

Every Bitcoin address stands for a number. These shorter addresses are valid simply because they stand for numbers that happen to start with zeroes, and when the zeroes are omitted, the encoded address gets shorter.

Several of the characters inside a Bitcoin address are used as a checksum so that typographical errors can be automatically found and rejected. The checksum also allows Bitcoin software to confirm that a 33-character (or shorter) address is in fact valid and isn’t simply an address with a missing character.

Purpose and opportunities [ edit ]

Transfer/receive transactions of Bitcoins (Cryptocurrency, BTC) can be performed via address like the work with e-mail messages. One person can create an unlimited number of addresses, increasing the anonymity level of the payments. When performing the next transaction with BTC a new address is often created (the funds are credited/debited within 1-2 hours). At the same time the private key pair is generated, providing access to the identifier and the ability to perform transactions with currency. They are stored in the wallet.dat file on the user’s computer.

Input conditions [ edit ]

In order to avoid errors when manually inputting the address, it is recommended to use the clipboard. Symbols register is considered when you manually input the address. In case of incorrect input Bitcoins are sent to the wrong address or the transaction is rejected. Last one is done automatically if the identifier contains symbols that are used as a checksum (for verification).

The probability that a mistyped address is accepted as being valid is, approximately 1 in 4.29 billion.

How to create Bitcoin address? [ edit ]

The address is created by generating of random numbers and performing specific mathematical operations. It does not require Internet connection and registration at Bitcoin, where it begins to be monitored. Thousands of addresses (including personalized) and keys thereto can be generated within 1 minute, for example, when using Vanitygen utility.

Creating bitcoin address can be done without an Internet connection and does not require any contact or registration with the Bitcoin network. It is possible to create large batches of addresses offline using freely available software tools. Generating batches of addresses is useful in several scenarios, such as e-commerce websites where a unique pre-generated address is dispensed to each customer who chooses a «pay with Bitcoin» option. Newer «HD wallets» can generate a «seed» token which can be used to allow untrusted systems (such as webservers) to generate an unlimited number of addresses without the ability to spend the bitcoins received.

Transactions [ edit ]

Record of the BTC transfer from one address to another generates a transaction. It contains the hash of the previous transaction signed by the sender and Bitcoins recipients address. All information is sent to the Bitcoin network and after signatures verification transaction is accepted for processing.

Most Bitcoin wallets have a function to «sign» a message, proving the entity receiving funds with an address has agreed to the message. This can be used to, for example, finalise a contract in a cryptographically provable way prior to making payment for it.

Some services will also piggy-back on this capability by dedicating a specific address for authentication only, in which case the address should never be used for actual Bitcoin transactions. When you login to or use their service, you will provide a signature proving you are the same person with the pre-negotiated address.

It is important to note that these signatures only prove one receives with an address. Since Bitcoin transactions do not have a «from» address, you cannot prove you are the sender of funds.

Current standards for message signatures are only compatible with «version zero» bitcoin addresses (that begin with the number 1).

Bitcoin Address Validation [ edit ]

If you would like to validate a Bitcoin address in an application, it is advisable to use a method rather than to just check for string length, allowed characters, or that the address starts with a 1 or 3. Validation may also be done using open source code available in various languages or with an online validating tool.

Loss of Bitcoins [ edit ]

Loss of Bitcoins is possible in the following situations:

• if the wallet is lost because of the hard drive failure,
• when generating a new address, getting BTC on it and restoring the wallet from an earlier backup, where address is not yet created,
• when sending Bitcoins to address that doesn’t have owner.

Multi-signature Bitcoin address [ edit ]

Addresses can be created that require a combination of multiple private keys. Since these take advantage of newer features, they begin with the newer prefix of 3 instead of the older 1. These can be thought of as the equivalent of writing a check to two parties — «pay to the order of somebody AND somebody else» — where both parties must endorse the check in order to receive the funds.

The actual requirement (number of private keys needed, their corresponding public keys, etc.) that must be satisfied to spend the funds is decided in advance by the person generating this type of address, and once an address is created, the requirement cannot be changed without generating a new address.

Address balances [ edit ]

Addresses are not wallets nor accounts, and do not carry balances. They only receive funds, and you do not send «from» an address at any time. Various confusing services and software display bitcoins received with an address, minus bitcoins sent in random unrelated transactions as an «address balance», but this number is not meaningful: it does not imply the recipient of the bitcoins sent to the address has spent them, nor that they still have the bitcoins received.

An example of bitcoin loss resulting from this misunderstanding is when people believed their address contained 3 BTC. They spent 0.5 Bitcoins and believed the address now contained 2.5 BTC when actually it contained zero. The remaining 2.5 Bitcoins was transferred to a change address which was not backed up and therefore lost. This has happened on a few occasions to users of Paper wallets.

«From» addresses [ edit ]

Bitcoin transactions do not have any kind of origin-, source- or «from» address.

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Send bitcoins to bitcoin addresses

Sending bitcoin is as easy as choosing the amount to send and deciding where it goes.

The exact procedure for doing so will depend on the type of Bitcoin wallet you’re using, but the main thing you need to know is the ‘address’ of the recipient. A Bitcoin address is an alphanumeric string that looks something like this:

One way to send bitcoin, then, is to simply copy the recipient’s address to your clipboard, then paste it in the send field of the Bitcoin wallet app you’re using.

Bitcoin addresses can also be displayed in QR code format. If you’re sending bitcoin from a mobile wallet like the Bitcoin.com Wallet, you can use your phone’s camera to scan the QR code of the address you want to send to. This will automatically fill in the address.

As for the amount to send, most wallets allow you to toggle between showing the send amount as bitcoin (BTC) or showing it in your local currency.

IMPORTANT: Bitcoin transactions are irreversible, so if you send to the wrong address, you’ll most likely never see that bitcoin again.

What’s the Bitcoin network fee?

Many Bitcoin wallets (including the Bitcoin.com Wallet) allow you to customize the Bitcoin network fees you pay when you send bitcoin.

Bitcoin transactions incur a small fee which is paid to the miners that confirm them. Transactions with higher fees attached to them are picked up sooner by miners (who optimize for profitability), so higher-fee transactions are more likely to be included in the next batch, or ‘block,’ of transactions that’s added to the Bitcoin blockchain. This means you can opt for faster transaction processing by paying a higher fee. Alternatively, if you’re not in a rush to have your transaction confirmed, you can save money by opting for a lower fee. However, you need to be careful because if you set the fee too low, your transaction may take hours or get stuck for days. Don’t worry though, you’re never in danger of losing bitcoin by setting the fee too low. In the worst case, you’ll have to wait 72 hours with your bitcoin in limbo until the transaction is cancelled, at which point you’ll again have access to it.

How are Bitcoin fees determined?

Fees are measured in satoshis/byte. A satoshi is the smallest divisible unit of bitcoin, which is 0.00000001 BTC (a hundred millionth of a bitcoin). Each transaction is made up of data, which is measured in bytes. More complicated transactions involve more data and so are more expensive. Generally speaking, this means higher value transactions (involving more bitcoin) consume more data, and so require higher transaction fees. However, it’s not exactly that simple. In fact, it’s entirely possible for a 1 BTC transaction to involve more data (and therefore require higher fees) than a 0.5 BTC transaction. To understand why, we need to look in some detail at how the Bitcoin blockchain actually works.

The system runs on what’s known as the Unspent Transaction Output (UTXO) model, which is an efficient and privacy-enhancing way to manage the Bitcoin ledger. It works like this:

At first, coins are minted through the mining process. These new coins form what’s known as the ‘coinbase.’ Now imagine a miner, who has received the current 6.25 BTC block reward, sends 1 BTC to Alice. On the ledger, this actually appears as 6.25 BTC sent to Alice and 5.25 BTC sent back to the miner, leaving Alice with a balance of 1 BTC and the miner with a balance of 5.25 BTC (the miner has an unspent transaction output of 5.25 BTC). The system is analogous to paying for something using a cash note: if the cost of the item is $2.50, you don’t cut a five-dollar note in half. Instead, you hand over the whole five-dollar note and receive $2.50 in change. In our example, the miner has sent over a 6.25 BTC ‘note’ and received 5.25 BTC in change. As it relates to fees, even though the amount of Bitcoin involved is significant, the fee for completing the transaction will be relatively small because the transaction is relatively simple. That’s because there’s only one output (1 BTC to Alice) and it comes from only one input or ‘note’ (the 6.25 BTC coinbase transaction). If we think of notes as taking up space on the Bitcoin ledger, we can see that this transaction takes up the least amount of space (bytes) possible.

Why are some Bitcoin transactions more expensive than others?

Now let’s imagine Alice buys one more BTC at a later date from a different miner. Alice will then have 2 BTC in her wallet, but each one will have originated from different ‘notes.’ In effect, this means Alice has two 1-BTC notes in her wallet. If Alice wants to send 2 BTC to Bob, she’ll be sending those two notes. And since more notes means more data, and more data means higher cost, this transaction will be more expensive than if Alice had sent a single ‘note.’ Put another way, the transaction will consume more bytes, so Alice will have to pay more satoshis to convince a miner to include it in the next block.

For the average user, this means you’ll end up paying significantly more for a transaction if it involves moving many ‘notes.’ For example, imagine you’ve received a hundred small payments into your wallet from different people, over a period of months, until you’ve accumulated one full bitcoin. Now, if you want to send that one bitcoin to someone else, you’ll actually be sending 100 ‘notes.’ This will incur significantly more fees than if you’d sent a single ‘note’ as our miner did in the first example.

How do I set the BTC network fee in my Bitcoin wallet?

This, again, depends on the wallet. In fact, many web wallets (cryptocurrency exchanges) don’t give you any control over the network fee whatsoever. Instead, they have a predetermined fee (which is almost always set higher than the actual fees they will pay). In other words, they profit when their customers withdraw bitcoin. This is a common revenue-generation strategy for cryptocurrency exchanges.

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