Cardano pos майнинг калькулятор

Как майнить Cardano / ADA и когда это будет выгодно?

Оглавление

Проект Кардано и криптовалюта ADA развиваются довольно быстро. Теперь монета входит в число 20 лучших монет на криптовалютных биржах.

Подробнее о самом проекте мы писали в отдельной статье.

Как и в случае с другими криптовалютами, вы можете зарабатывать деньги через майнинг Cardano. Это будет не классический PoW, когда видеокарты майнят новые блоки. Данный блокчейн работает с собственным алгоритмом PoS. Это позволяет майнить без суперкомпьютеров.

Доказательство доли в отношении Cardano работает следующим образом:

• купить ADA на Bittrex, Binance или другой бирже,
• перевести средства на кошелек Dedalus,
• держать кошелек онлайн.

Основная идея PoS — выбрать ноду для генерации нового блока с вероятностью, пропорциональной количеству монет, которые этот узел имеет. Если у ноды положительная (> 0) ставка, она зовется «заинтересованной стороной». Если узел выбирается, чтобы подтвердить новый блок, он называется «лидером слота».

Это позволяет блокчейну подтверждать транзакции через ваши монеты, а вам зарабатывать на комиссии. Чем больше ADA есть на кошельке, тем больше денег будет заработано. Вот поэтому нужно закупать монету, пока она в начале своего пути, чтобы собрать значительную долю для майнинга.

Во второй четверти 2018 года, согласно дорожной карте, за PoS Cardano будут начисляться вознаграждения. К этому времени выпустят несколько обновлений и реализуют важные функции.

Особенности майнинга и Ouroboros

Алгоритм Ouroboros является наиболее важной частью протокола. Он определяет, как ноды достигают консенсуса относительно состояния леджера (записи всех транзакций).

По словам в официальной документации проекта, «Ouroboros уникален, поскольку он является первым блокчейн-протоколом, который основан на доказательстве доли и чья безопасность была научно доказана».

Только кошельки с положительными балансами могут участвовать в протоколе. Более того, чтобы иметь возможность генерировать новые блоки, нода должна быть избрана лидером слота. Лидер слота может проверять транзакции, добавлять их в блок, подписывать его своим секретным ключом и публиковать его в сети.

Не просто деньги на кошельке влияют на выгодность майнинга Cardano.

Есть баланс, а есть ставка (доля):

Баланс — это реальное количество монет, которым владеет каждый пользователь. Когда вы устанавливаете кошелек Daedalus на компьютер и покупаете Ada, вся сумма — ваш баланс.

Доля — это ключевой элемент алгоритма Cardano SL. Ставка дает пользователю возможность контролировать различные части Cardano SL, например: быть лидером слота, голосовать, принимать участие в MPC. Таким образом, доля — это способность пользователя контролировать Cardano SL.

Каждая монета в Cardano SL связана с балансом и долей. Это как распределение акций от 100%.

Можно изменить связь между монетой и долей, используя делегирование доли.

Протокол Ouroboros делит физическое время на эпохи, и каждая эпоха делится на слоты. Каждый слот — относительно короткий период времени. И у него есть свой лидер, который подтверждает блок.

Один или несколько слотов могут оставаться пустыми (без блоков), но большинство блоков (не менее 50% + 1) должны генерироваться в течение эпохи.

Как работает система лидерства

Лидеры слотов избираются из группы всех заинтересованных сторон.

Не все заинтересованные стороны участвуют в выборах, а только те, у кого достаточно доли (например, 2% от общей суммы).

Лидер для следующей эпохи избирается в текущую эпоху. В конце эпохи N уже известно, кто будет лидером для эпохи N + 1, и это нельзя изменить. Это похоже на справедливую лотерею: любой из группы может стать лидером слота. Однако важная идея PoS состоит в том, что чем больше денег в доле, тем больше шансов.

Одна заинтересованная сторона может быть избрана лидером слота больше одного раза в эпоху.

Для достижения случайности используется метод многопартийного вычисления (MPC), когда каждый участник независимо выполняет действие, которое называется «бросание монетки». Результаты произвольно генерируются каждым избирателем (заинтересованной стороной, которая претендует на лидера).

• избиратель генерирует секретное (или специальное случайное значение),
• формируется «обязательство», которое представляет собой сообщение, содержащее зашифрованные акции и доказательство секретности,
• избиратель подписывает это обязательство своим секретным ключом, указывает номер эпохи и передает свой открытый ключ.
• избиратель передает свое обязательство другим избирателям, в конечном итоге каждый избиратель собирает обязательства всех других участников.
• все обязательства помещаются в блок,
• затем идет фаза обнаружения,
• на базе криптофграфических данных генерируеся сид для алгоритма «Follow the Satoshi» (FTS),
• FTS выбирает лидера.

Конечно, это делается по алгоритму, а не в ручную майнером.

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Cardano (ADA) Staking

How to Stake ADA in Atomic Wallet

The process of ADA staking with Atomic Wallet is very simple. First, you need to download and install the app. Then, follow these steps:

Step 1. Open Atomic Wallet.

Step 2. Get ADA. You can buy ADA elsewhere and send it to your Atomic Wallet or exchange it right in the app

Step 3. Then click on ADA from the coin list.

Step 5. You will see the staking interface: your available balance for staking, your staked and unbonding ADA, and rewards. Click Stake to proceed.

Step 6. Here you can choose only one validator at a time by clicking on the name and see your yearly earnings. Check the info and click Stake . Your funds will be locked in a separate address.

Step 7. That’s it! Your ADA is now staked. You just need to wait — the reward is generated with every block. Click Claim to withdraw it to your address from time to time.

About Cardano

Cardano is a proof-of-stake platform blockchain founded based on scientific, peer-reviewed methods in its development. It brings together novel technologies to come up with first-in-class secure, and sustainable solutions in the development of decentralized applications. One of Cardano’s goals is to become a positive change force by creating accountability in existing systems. Some of the core features that make Cardano stand out are as below:

Ouroboros

Ouroboros is Cardano’s peer-reviewed proof-of-stake blockchain protocol that allows for the decentralization of the Cardano project. It’s designed in such a way that it enables for Cardano scalability in a sustainable yet secure manner. One of the core concepts in the makeup of Ouroboros is the mathematical concept of infinity. This means Cardano can be used to develop an unlimited number of applications without affecting the efficiency of the whole network.

Cardano Is Evidence-Based

One of Cardano’s core strengths is that every aspect of the project is based on hard science. It is made using formal methods, allowing it to stay adaptable to new challenges that might test the capabilities to function optimally. Before anything is implemented on Cardano, it is first researched and mathematically modeled. This process’s results inform the development, making the Cardano code one of the best when it comes to code assurance.

Security

Cardano is easily one of the most secure platform blockchains in the crypto space. This can largely be attributable to its scientific approach to development. By its design, Cardano’s Ouroboros is secure from bad actors and Sybil attacks. On the Cardano blockchain, every transaction and exchange is transparent and immutable. Transactions are also validated by the use of multisignature and an extended UTXO model that mirrors that of Bitcoin.

Open development

Cardano is one of the most open and transparent projects in the market. To keep the network working optimally, Cardano has a reward mechanism through which users can participate in the system. The main way that one can take part in keeping Cardano healthy and working is by staking. This can be done either as a stake pool operator or as a stake delegator. This approach allows everyone to have a say in Cardano’s direction, including the introduction of new capabilities to the network.

Scalability

Thanks to Ouroboros, Cardano is one of the most scalable platform blockchains in the market. That’s because it uses Proof-of-Stake and does not require insane amounts of energy to meet growing user needs. It also combines a number of other unique concepts such as multi-ledger, side chains, and parallel chains allowing it to handle any amount of transactions simultaneously.

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Cardano pos майнинг калькулятор

All information for calculations are taken from these documents:

Parameters require for calculations:

• INFL — the level of inflation in yearly percentile reserve decrease
• YEAR — number of full years since the launch of the staking
• STAKE — your stake in coins
• TOTAL_STAKE — total stake in the system in coins
• TX_EPOCH — average number of transactions each epoch (5 days)
• TX_SIZE — average size of a transaction
• TAX — the percentage of profits taxed towards the treasury
• POOL_FEE — the percentage of profits that pool takes as a fee

Full formula:

Detailed explanation:

Minted coins

First we calculate how much coins will be issued this year as an inflation:

The 13 billions number is taken from the monetary policy and represents the total reserve of coins not issued from the beginning. These coins will be gradually issued thru minting using formula above to calculate the amount. Formula is taken from the staking explanation post.

For example: if we take an arbitrary example of 5% reserve decrease, and calculated it for the second year (1 whole year after launch), then it would give us:

Just under 660 millions of newly minted ADA in the second year of staking.

The MINT value now gives us notion of how much new coins will be issued to reward people. But there are also fees that users pay to send coins or execute any transactions. Total fees for the whole year are calculated like this:

TX_YEAR gives us the average number of transactions for the whole year. One year consists of 73 epochs. For now it’s fixed, but in theory also may change. Best practice would be to make it a separate parameter EPOCH_YEAR

FIXED_FEES is the number of all transactions per year multiplied by the fixed transaction cost as described in the staking explanation post. It also might change in the future so would be best to define parameter TX_FEE_FIXED

SIZE_FEES is the sum of all bytes of all transactions per year multiplied by the byte cost as described in the staking explanation post. It also might change in the future so would be best to define parameter TX_FEE_PER_BYTE

For example: if we take current average number of transaction from the actual tracker it would be around 15,000. And if we take an average transaction size to be 458 byte, as can be seen in the statistics. Then we could calculate:

UNTAXED_REWARD is the total pool of reward for all stakers in the system, but before tax is subtracted. Once we subtract some percentage of the total pool into treasury — we get the final TAXED_REWARD — total reward distributed among all stakers.

For example: if we take TAX to be 20% just as an arbitrary rational example (IOHK proposed 20% tax for ETC, but it might end up being be 25% for Cardano, or some other number), then calculations would go like:

Any arbitrary staker (in the pool or not) may calculate his AVERAGE share of the rewards, by calculating his SHARE in the total stake of the system. This parameter of the total stake is actually the most important one, because it directly and in the most significant way affects how much coins a user will receive by staking the same amount of coins. The lower total stake — the greater you share can be with the same coins staked.

For example: if we take TOTAL_STAKE to be 15 billion (just as an arbitrary completely random example, no one knows how many actual coins will be staked) and we take out stake to be 42 thousand coins, then calculations would go like:

This shows us that a person with a 42K coins stacked would receive ROUGHLY about 1,478.06212 in a year, but ONLY IF there would be 15 billions of total stake.

Pools fees

Pools might take fees of different size and they will define those at the moment of the pool registration. For example: if we take a completely arbitrary number of 5%, then calculations would go like:

This gives us the final APPROXIMATE yearly profit of 1,404.159014 for a 42K stake, or 3.34%.

Frequently Asked Questions

How reliable is this whole thing, eh?

Presented results are not a promise of future profits! All they show is what APPROXIMATE amount of reward a person could receive ON AVERAGE in the selected period of time (specific year) ONLY IF actual behavior of the system would somewhat match WITH PARAMETERS SELECTED ABOVE!

This project is strictly educational. These results just demonstrate how the formula works, and the formula is somewhat similar to the one that will be used in the Cardano reward calculation protocol.

As soon as any new information about the incentives system becomes available — I will update the default parameters or the formula in this calculator. Subscribe to the informational channels, and look out for announcements.

What’s up with all those parameters, eh?

See the Formula page to find detailed explanation of why all those parameters are needed.Basically, after seeing this calculator and explanation of its functionality, if someone shows you a calculator with fewer parameters — you may be sure they are hiding something. There are some yet undefined parameters they are not showing to you.

That’s it. All those parameters are required to derive the final value. And there’s no definite value for them exist yet (or ever) like with the fixed fee cost.

Why total stake is 15 billions, eh?

The amount of somewhat stable total stake in the system is not known at this point and will also change in time (but not as a predictable function) until it converges to some more or less stable value (in percentage) and will show only slight fluctuations from there on.

The total stake is one of 2 most important parameters — along with your own stake. These two parameters are basically decide how much you will profit, because they directly define your share in total stake — and this value directly shows how much of yearly inflation and yearly fees will go to you.

So for now — there’s absolutely zero available data to decide what the total stake would be in the year one, or year two, or later on. For a real-world example we can take the «Waves» Proof-of-Stake platform that has total stake of

60% of its supply. So the 15 billion number is taken completely arbitrarily just as middle ground around 50% of supply. The main point is to SHOW you how this value affects the rewards. So try to move it around and just plan ahead what you profits would be if the total stake would be at this value.

It might as well be lower in reality. But might as well be more.

Why Year needed, eh?

The Year parameter is required , since all the other monetary behavior of the system changes in time — inflation decreases with total supply, fixed block reward changes, etc. Any calculation that does not include time may only demonstrate you a «splice» of time, for example, only the first year of staking.

Why Year starts with 2019, eh?

The official date of staking release in Cardano is not defined yet, but it’s somewhere in the fall of 2018. Since profits are calculated only yearly anyways (for now) and to make controls easier and more concise — it was decided to simply place 2019 as a first full year of staking. Basically, you can think of that date as: «the first year when I will receive my yearly profits».

Are you gonna make it better, eh?

Can you add new cool feature, eh?

See the roadmap in case it’s already planned, or propose new features here.

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